[:en]Shifting Address of Javanese society in Tamanagung village, district Cluring, Banyuwangi[:id]Pergeseran Kata Sapaan pada Masyarakat Jawa di Desa Tamanagung, Kecamatan Cluring, Kabupaten Banyuwang[:]

[:en]SUMMARY

Shifting Address of Javanese society in Tamanagung village, district Cluring, Banyuwangi; Siti Mutmainah, 120110201021; 2012; 118 pages; Indonesian Literature Department, Faculty of Humanities – University of Jember.

Address is a word to say hello, to greet and to salute the second person or the other interlocutors (Chaer 2006:107). Addressing is one of cultural identities of language society which gives high concern for social relationship. The appropriateness of addressing people in one society might be different to other society.

The aims of this research are: 1) the shifting address between adulthood and childhood in the main family, extended family and in the society especially Javanese society in Tamanagung village, district Cluring, Banyuwangi. 2) Explaining some background factors of shifting address between adulthood and childhood in the main family, extended family and in the society especially Javanese society of Tamanagung village, district Cluring, Banyuwangi.

In this study there are three research stages used, namely: 1) collecting data, 2) data analysis, and 3) the presentation of the data. The methods used in collecting data are listening and speaking. Some techniques are used in listening method, they are watching and observation. Meanwhile, interview is used in the speaking method and after that followed by some advanced techniques namely face to face conversation, taking note, and recording.

In the data analysis there are three research stages, 1) the reduction of the data 2) the presentation of the data, and 3) drawing conclusion/ verification. The collected data will be classified and analyzed according to Javanese theory of addressing. Drawing conclusion/ verification is necessary to be done to ensure and to account for the data. The last research stage is the presentation of data analysis result by using informal and formal presentation, next followed by explaining the shifting form of address in Javanese language descriptively.

The types of addressing words have faced some frictions, namely: (1) addressing father, formerly bapak [bapa?] now it has shifted into ayah and papa; (2) addressing mother, formerly mak [ma?], emak [әma?], and ibu [ibu] but they have shifted into mama, umi, and bundha; (3) addressing son, formerly used thole [thole] to address son but now days mas is used to address son; (4) addressing elder brothers or sisters formerly addressed by mas [mas] and mbak [mba?] they have shifted into kakak; (5) addressing husband and wife, formerly used mas [mas] and dhik [dhI?], bapak [bapa?] and [ibu] they have shifted into ayah and bundha, papa and mama, and sayang; (6) addressing grandfather and grandmother formerly they are adressed by mbah [mbah] mbah has shifted into kakek for grandfather dan nenek for grandmother; (7) addressing uncle/ parents’ elder brother formerly addressed by pakdhe [pa?dhe] it has shifted into papa; (8) addressing aunt/ parents’ elder sister addressed by budhe [budhe] it has shifted into mama; (9) addressing parents’ younger brother and sister, formerly paklik [pa?lI?] and bulik [bulI?] are used but they have shifted into om and [tante]; (10) addressing the old seller and the young buyer, in the past the old seller addressed the young buyer by ndhuk [ndhU?], thole [thole] and dhik [dhI?] they have shifted into mbak [mba?] and mas [mas]; (11) addressing old buyer and young seller, formerly thole [thole], ndhuk [ndhU] and dhik [dhI?] are used to address young seller but they have shifted into lik [lI?], mas [mas], and mbak [mba?]

There are some factors that caused some words shifting in addressing people. They are (1) the social situation in the form of television programs; (2) social mobility in the form of the influence of the social environment and visiting relatives that live in city; (3) social stratification; (4) politeness in Javanese society.

 

 

 [:id]Pergeseran Kata Sapaan pada Masyarakat Jawa di Desa Tamanagung, Kecamatan Cluring, Kabupaten Banyuwangi; Siti Mutmainah, 120110201021; 2012; 118 halaman; Jurusan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Jember.

Kata  sapaan adalah kata-kata yang digunakan untuk menyapa, menegur atau menyebut orang kedua, atau orang yang diajaknya bicara ( Chaer 2006:107). Kata sapaan merupakan ciri khas kebudayaan suatu masyarakat bahasa, terutama bagi masyarakat yang tinggi kepeduliannya terhadap sosial antar manusia. Kata sapaan yang layak pada masyarakat belum tentu bisa dipakai pada masyarakat lainnya.

Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan: 1) pergeseran kata sapaan antara usia dewasa dan anak-anak pada keluarga inti, keluarga luas, dan kata sapaan di masyarakat luas pada masyarakat Jawa di Desa Tamanagung, Kecamatan Cluring, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. 2) Menjelaskan faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya pergeseran kata sapaan antara usia dewasa dan usia anak-anak pada keluarga inti, keluarga luas, dan kata sapaan dimasyarakat luas pada masyarakat Jawa di Desa Tamanagung, Kecamatan Cluring, Kabupaten Banyuwangi.

Dalam penelitian ini digunakan tiga tahapan, yaitu: 1) pengumpulan  data, 2) analisis data, dan 3) penyajian hasil analisis data. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah metode simak dan cakap. Metode simak  dengan menggunakan teknik observasi atau pengamatan. Metode cakap dengan menggunakan teknik dasar yaitu cakap atau wawancara,  kemudian menggunakan teknik lanjutan cakap semuka, catat, dan rekam.

Tahap yang kedua analisis data menggunakan tiga tahap, yaitu: 1) reduksi data, 2) penyajian data, dan 3) penarikan kesimpulan/ verifikasi. Data yang sudah diperoleh dari tahap pengumpulan data, diklasifikasikan dan dianalisis berdasarkan teori kata sapaan dalam bahasa Jawa. Penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi perlu untuk dilakukan agar yakin  dan benar-benar dipertanggungjawabkan. Tahap yang terakhir penyajian hasil analisis data. Metode hasil analisis data menggunakan metode penyajian informal dan formal, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan secara deskriptif pergeseran bentuk kata sapaan dalam bahasa Jawa.

Jenis kata sapaan yang mengalami pergeseran yaitu: (1) panggilan terhadap orang tua laki-laki, dulu bapak [bapa?] sekarang bergeser menjadi ayah dan papa; (2) panggilan terhadap orang tua perempuan, dulu mak [ma?], emak [әma?], dan ibu [ibu] sekarang bergeser menjadi mama, umi, dan bundha; (3) panggilan terhadap anak laki-laki, dulu menggunakan sapaan thole [thole] sekarang bergeser menjadi mas; (4) panggilan terhadap  kakak laki-laki dan kakak perempuan, dulu menggunakan sapaan mas [mas] dan mbak [mba?] sekarang bergeser menjadi kakak; (5) panggilan terhadap suami dan istri, dulu menggunakan sapaan mas [mas] dan dhik [dhI?], bapak [bapa?] dan [ibu] sekrang bergeser menjadi ayah dan bundha, papa dan mama, dan sayang; (6) panggilan terhadap kakek dan nenek, dulunya menggunakan sapaan mbah [mbah] sekarang bergerser menjadi kakek dan nenek; (7) panggilan terhadap kakak laki-laki dari orang tua, dulu menggunakan pakdhe [pa?dhe] sekarang bergeser menjadi papa; (8) sapaan terhadap kakak perempuan dari orang tua, dulu menggunakan sapaan budhe [budhe] sekarang bergeser menjadi mama; (9) panggilan sapaan terhadap adik laki-laki dan adik perempuan, dulunya menggunakan sapaan paklik [pa?lI?] dan bulik [bulI?] sekarang bergeser menjadi om dan [tante]; (10) panggilan sapaan antara penjual tua dengan pembeli muda, dulu menggunakan kata sapaan ndhuk [ndhU?], thole [thole] dan dhik [dhI?] sekarang bergeser menjadi mbak [mba?] dan mas [mas]; dan (11) panggilan sapaan antara pembeli tua dengan penjula muda, dulu menggunakan sapaan thole [thole], ndhuk [ndhU] dan dhik [dhI?] sekarang menjadi lik [lI?], mas [mas], dan mbak [mba?].

Faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya pergeseraan kata sapaan yaitu: (1) faktor situasi masyrakat berupa pengaruh tayangan televisi; (2) faktor mobilitas social berupa pengaruh lingkuan pergaulan dan kunjungan kepada saudara di kota; (3) faktor pendidikan; (4) faktor stratifikasi sosial masyarakat; dan (5) faktor kesopanan masyarakat Jawa.

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